The journey from the Panchmarhi resolution to the Shimla declaration for the Congress was that of a realisation that the party would have to reconcile to its decline and the rise of regional parties and also that it would have to form alliances with the state players if it had to be in power.
The Panchmarhi declaration, adopted by the Congress at its conclave in the hill station in 1998, emphasised on the `Ekala Chalo motto, while the `Shimla Sankalp of the party in 2003 called for a joint front of all secular forces.
Alliances did the trick for the Congress in 2004, bringing it back to power. The flipside of the success in the previous Lok Sabha elections was the party s diminished presence, especially in the states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
The Congress has met with a phenomenal decline in the last more than 20 years in the Hindi heartland, especially in the states of UP and Bihar. The party has lost its space to regional players like the Samajwadi Party (SP) and the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) in UP and parties like the Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD), the Lok Janshakti Party (LJP) and the Janata Dal (United) (JD-U) in Bihar.
While in 1984, the Congress had won 83 of the 85 seats in undivided UP and its vote share at that time in the electorally-key state was 50 per cent, in 2004 the party contested 73 of the 80 seats on offer, but could manage to win only nine. In Bihar, the Congress had won 48 of the 54 seats in 1984, but the number slipped to just three out of 40 in 2004.
The Congress has not been able to form alliances in UP and Bihar this time. In the changed scenario, it has gone alone in the two crucial states, contesting many more seats that it did in the previous elections.
The party has looked at the developments in an optimistic manner.
"Everytime we have got into a pre-poll alliance in UP and Bihar, we have seen that we have not been able to grow in those states. The biggest damage to the Congress was done by the 1996 pre-poll alliance with the BSP in UP. Similarly, in Bihar, we supported the RJD and then we did not grow," said a senior Congress leader. "Whatever has happened is good for the Congress, both in UP and in Bihar," he said.